NAME Markup::Tree - Unified way to easily access XML or HTML markup locally or remotly. SYNOPSIS use Markup::Tree; my @preserve = qw(pre style script code); my $tree = Markup::Tree->new ( markup => 'html', no_squash_whitespace => \@preserve, no_indent => \@preserve ); $tree->parse_file('http://lackluster.tzo.com:1024'); $tree->save_as('ltzo.com.xml', 'xml'); # or my $tree = Markup::Tree->new ( markup => 'xml', no_squash_whitespace => \@preserve, no_indent => \@preserve ); $tree->parse_file('http://lackluster.tzo.com:1024/index.php.xml'); $tree->foreach_node(\&start, \&end); DESCRIPTION I wanted a module to allow one to access either XML or HTML input, locally or remotely, easily transform it, and save it as HTML or XML (or some user-defined format). So I quit whining and wrote one. It's not 100% finished, but it's a good start and the groundwork for the Markup::Content module. CONVENTIONS I will be reopening certain terms to save myself keystrokes and you confusion (or does that just create confusion?). FILE When I mention FILE, what I really mean is either a local or remotely mounted file "(i.e - /home/bprudent/this_xml_file.xml)", an already opened filehandle, or a remote file location of which LWP::Simple's get is capable of, well, getting. Note that if you pass an open filehandle to a method that wants to read from it, you should open it for reading, and if the method wants to write to it, you should open it for writing. Also, we cannot write to a remote location (at least, the functionality does not exist in this module to do so) so please don't pass a remote location to a method that wants to write something (such as the save_as method). pi I see alot of people using pi or (p)rocessing (i)nstruction to mean a local procressing directive. I am using here and in "TreeNode" to mean also server-side instructions, which are often found in the wild. Please remember that you will not see these from a remote URL. ARGUMENTS These are the arguments you can specify upon instantiation. In most cases you can also set them yourself after you have an object of this class via $tree->{'the_option'} = $whatever. markup Valid options are 'xml' or 'html'. This just specifies which parser to use. I would like to, in the future, add more parsers to this list. The default is 'html', which is much more forgiving. parser_options This parameters requests an anonymous hash with parser-specific options. If you specified 'xml' for markup then the "parser_options" argument will be passed to XML::Parser. Otherwise it will go to HTML::TreeBuilder. no_squash_whitespace There are three modes to this argument: mode 0 Squash all whitespace. This is the default mode. mode 1 Set "no_squash_whitespace" to a true value to keep the tree as close to the original document as possible. mode 2 Set "no_squash_whitespace" to an anonymous array containing tagnames of which you want to preserve. This is handy when re-creating or transforming HTML documents containing pre-formatted text, such as "script", "style", "pre", or, sometimes, "code". It is also wise to include the fabricated tag, pi. This is the tag that is made up when either <% or new ( no_squash_whitespace => [qw(script style pre code)] ); no_indent It's all in the name. This value affects only (as of now) the save_as method. Again, there are three operating modes: mode 0 Leave indentation on. This is the default mode. mode 1 Setting "no_indent" to a true value will never indent. mode 2 Set "no_indent" to an anonymous array containing tagnames of which you want to not indent. This is normally the same value as no_squash_whitespace. METHODS get_node (description) Arguments: description Description must be one of the following: "first", "last", "start", "end", "copy-of", "copy", "copy_of", or "root". first Causes the method to return the first node in the tree, not including the "root" node. This is the first actual element found in the markup source. last Causes the method to return the last node in the tree. start An alias for "first". end An alias for "last". copy-of Returns a copy of the entire tree. This allows you to have two copies in memory. One that you can chop to bits and another that you can preserve. copy An alias for "copy-of". copy_of An alias for "copy-of". root Causes the method to return the root node. This is equivalant to $tree->tree. Example: my $first_node = $tree->get_node('first'); print "The first node in the tree is a ".$first_node->{'tagname'}." node.\n"; parse_file (FILE) Arguments: FILE to be parsed Example: $tree->parse_file ('http://lackluster.tzo.com:1024'); # or $tree->parse_file (\*INPUT); # or $tree->parse_file ('/home/lackluster/public_html/index.html'); Returns: a refrence to the parser so that you can say things like $tree = Markup::Tree->new()->parse_file('noname.html'); Note that this will close the file(handle). parse (DATA) Just the same as HTML or XML ::Parse's parse method. Pass in markup data. For HTML you will need to call eof(). Returns: a refrence to the parser eof ( ) Signals the end of HTML markup. Calling eof on XML data will not generate an error, it just won't do anything. Returns: a refrence to the parser save_as (FILE [, type]) Saves the tree to FILE as type, if specified. Arguments: FILE This is the filename or handle to write the information in. If this argument is textual, the method will try to guess, based on the file extension, the second argument if not present. type Valid values are 'html' or 'xml'. Will also accept 'xhtml'. Default is 'html'. Example: $tree->save_as ('/home/lackluster/public_html/transformed.html.xml', 'xml'); foreach_node (start_CODE [, end_CODE] [, start_from]) Loops through each node in the syntax tree, calling "start_CODE" and, if present, end_CODE. This method makes looping through the tree really quite simple and lends itself well to saving files to your own format. Arguments: start_CODE This CODE ref will be called when a node is encounted and before its children have been processed. A Markup::TreeNode element will be passed to your sub. end_CODE If this parameter is present, then the CODE ref will be called after a node is encountered and after its children have been processed. If end_CODE is not a CODE ref, but instead a Markup::TreeNode, the method will interpret "end_CODE" as "start_from". start_from Instead of looping over the whole tree, this value can be a Markup::TreeNode start point. (See "BUGS" section) Example: $tree->foreach_node( sub { my $node = shift(); indent($node->{'level'}); print $node->{'tagname'}."\n"; }, sub { my $node = shift(); indent($node->{'level'}); print $node->{'tagname'}."\n"; } ); RETURN VALUES MATTER! Returning a false value will end the iterations and cause the method to return. Return true to keep processing. copy_of Returns a copy, not a reference, of the tree. CAVEATS This module isn't really the best for people who don't often use markup. It requires quite a few modules (I actually feed bad about the module requirements), and "HTML::TreeBuilder" or "XML::Parser" is probably a better choice for most things you want to do. On the upside, if you already have these modules, it is a comparativly easy way to use markup. BUGS || UNFINISHED "Wide character in print" warnings are abound. I haven't taken the time to look into this. Something about UNICODE? The "foreach_node" method doesn't behave properly when passed the start_from parameter. That's what I thought, at least. The behaviour may work for you in your situation. Just know that it may change in the future unless anyone requests otherwise. Please inform me of other bugs. SEE ALSO Markup::TreeNode, XML::Parser, HTML::TreeBuilder, LWP::Simple AUTHOR BPrudent (Brandon Prudent) Email: xlacklusterx@hotmail.com